Labor Law and Social Legislation — 2027 Bar syllabus

Labor Law and Social Legislation (10% of the 2027 Bar, Day 2 · Wednesday, 8 September 2027 · Afternoon): the syllabus with review notes for 275 topics.

• II. Recruitment and Placement
• 3. Registration of Contractors
• b. Backwages
• D. Rights, Terms, and Conditions of Union Membership
• a. No Work, No Pay; Fair Day’s Wage for a Fair Day’s Work
• 5. Overtime Work
• 4. Due Process Requirements (DO 147, s. 2015)
• e. Financial Assistance
• b. Distinguished from Estafa
• 2. Unilateral Termination
• 2. Permissible Contracting or Subcontracting; Non-Coverage
• A. Termination or Suspension by Employer
• 3. Consent Election
• 5. Union Funds
• 3. Project (DO 19, s. 1993)
• 1. Definition
• 5. Solidary Liability
• 2. Flexible Work Arrangements (DA 02, s. 2009)
• B. State Labor Policies (1987 Constitution)
• 3. Paternity Leave (RA 8187)
• 9. Retaliatory Measures
• 6. Union Registration and Chartering
• 6. Wage Determination
• G. Safety, Health, and Dignity in the Work Environment
• 5. Petition for Review to CA against Rulings of Voluntary Arbitrators
• 3. Fair Treatment
• 6. Special Leave Benefits for Women due to Gynecological Disorders (RA 9710; DO 112, s. 2011)
• 1. In General
• 4. Fixed-Term
• i. Conciliation-Mediation; Preventive Mediation
• 2. Just Causes (DO 147, s. 2015)
• 1. Determination of Constituency
• 2. Telecommuting Program
• a. Mandatory Conciliation-Mediation (RA 10396)
• iii. Assumption of Jurisdiction or Certification of Disputes in Industries of National Interest
• b. Private Employment Entities
• 2. By Employers
• 2. Dole
• 2. Expanded Maternity Leave (RA 11210)
• iv. Power to Suspend Effects of Termination (EO 51, s. 2018)
• g. Liability of Corporate Officers; Exceptions
• b. Commission Proper (See also RA 9347)
• 6. Self-organization and Collective Bargaining (Art. XIII)
• 2. Minors (See also RA 7610, as amended by RA 9231; DC 2, s. 2017, as amended by DC 2, s. 2018; DO 149, s. 2016, as amended by DO 149-A, s. 2017; Advisory No. 01, s. 2008)
• C. Illegal Dismissal
• D. Disability and Death Benefits
• a. Regional Directors
• 2. Certification Election
• 3. Full Protection to Labor (Art. XIII)
• 9. Limitations on Management Prerogative
• 4. Kasambahay (RA 10361)
• C. Limited Portability Scheme (RA 7699)
• 5. Labor Organizations
• 7. Rest Periods
• 1. Strike, Picketing, and Lockout
• c. Idle, Travel, Commuting, and Waiting Time
• 4. Personal Comfort Doctrine
• 6. Attorney’s Fees
• ii. Visitorial and Enforcement Powers (DO 238, s. 2023)
• 1. Coverage; Exclusions; Dependents; Beneficiaries; Benefits
• a. Payment by Hours Worked
• e. Illness and HIV Status (DO 73, s. 2005; DA 05, s. 2010; RA 11166, Sec. 49)
• 6. Labor-only Contracting
• 2. Eligibility for Membership
• d. Voluntary Arbitrators
• C. Kinds of Employment
• a. Labor Organization; Legitimate Labor Organization
• ii. Jurisdiction in Seafarer Cases (RA 12021, Ch. XI; DO 247, s. 2025)
• 3. Abandonment
• B. Wages (See also RA 6727 and 8188)
• ii. Effect of Injunction
• 3. Change in Working Hours
• 6. Constructive Dismissal vs. Demotion
• 4. Petition for Certiorari to CA against Rulings of the DOLE Secretary and NLRC Proper
• 2. Single-Entry Approach (DO 249, s. 2025)
• 1. Floating Status (See also DO 215, s. 2020)
• 4. Payment of Wages
• ii. Recovery and Adjudicatory Power
• 2. Seafarers (RA 12021, Secs. 22, 28–29, 32, 57, and its IRR; 2010 POEA Standard Employment Contract [2026 DMW-SEC, effective after the cut-off, is excluded])
• a. Mandatory Provisions
• 6. Industrial Homeworkers (See also DO 5, s. 1992)
• 4. Solo Parent Leave (RA 8972, as amended by RA 11861)
• b. Bonus, 13th Month Pay
• i. Jurisdiction in Labor Relations Cases (DO 255, s. 2025, Rule III)
• 1. General EBET Program
• C. Bargaining Representative
• a. Normal Hours of Work
• 1. Regular
• 3. Bunkhouse Rule
• 1. Definition (DO 147, s. 2015, Sec. 3)
• c. Damages and Attorney’s Fees
• B. Termination by Employee
• b. Department of Migrant Workers (DMW) (RA 11641)
• b. Night Shift Differential
• 7. Termination of Migrant Worker Contract (RA 8042, Sec. 10, as amended by RA 10022)
• i. Solidary Liability
• c. Entities Prohibited from Overseas Recruitment
• b. Quantum of Evidence
• 1. Social Justice (Art. II)
• 1. Prohibited Practices
• 7. Other Illicit Forms of Employment Arrangements
• 4. Rights of Contractor’s or Subcontractor’s Employees
• b. Facilities for Women
• a. Freedom Period
• i. Appellate Jurisdiction
• 3. Authorized Causes (DO 147, s. 2015)
• C. Leaves
• 4. Commingling or Mixed Membership
• a. Prohibited Acts
• 1. General Principles
• E. Collective Bargaining
• 2. Principles
• A. Sources of Philippine Labor Law
• 7. Construction of Labor Legislation (Civil Code, Art. 1702)
• G. Peaceful Concerted Activities
• D. Related Employment Concepts
• f. Disability (RA 7277, Title III, Ch. 1)
• a. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
• E. Enterprise-Based Education and Training (EBET) (RA 12063)
• a. Wage vs. Salary
• C. Overseas Employment (RA 8042, as amended by RA 10022)
• b. Wage Distortion
• d. Separation Pay
• d. Solo Parenthood (RA 8972, Sec. 7, as amended)
• 1. Trilateral Relationship
• B. Procedure and Remedies
• 3. Doctrine of Necessary Implication
• F. Unfair Labor Practice
• ii. Suspension or Cancellation
• 1. Occupational Qualifications
• a. Meal Break
• 7. Clearance Procedures
• i. Grounds
• 9. Enforcement and Remedies
• i. Employment Agency vs. Recruitment Entity
• a. Employment Agency vs. Recruitment Entity
• i. Perfection
• B. Local Employment
• b. Sex, Gender, or Marital Status (RA 6725 and 9710; DO 251, s. 2025)
• c. National Union or Federation; Trade Union Center
• 3. Upskilling
• 3. Major Policy Matters
• D. Retirement (See also RA 7641, 8558, 10757, and 10789; Labor Advisory on Retirement Pay, October 24, 1996)
• c. Petition for Extraordinary Remedy (Rule XII)
• 6. Petition for Review on Certiorari to SC
• 5. Leave under the Anti-VAWC Act of 2004 (RA 9262)
• D. Telecommuting (RA 11165; DO 237, s. 2022)
• 2. Procedure
• 1. Resignation vs. Constructive Dismissal
• a. Minimum Employable Age; Exceptions
• b. Injunction (Rule X)
• b. Equal Pay for Equal Work; Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value
• 4. Check-off, Assessments, and Agency Fees
• 3. Minimum Wage (See also RA 9178 and 9504)
• B. Contracting or Subcontracting (DO 174, s. 2017; DC 01, s. 2017; EO 51, s. 2018)
• H. Management Prerogative
• 2. Violence and Harassment (RA 7877 and 11313; DO 230, s. 2021; ILO Convention No. 190)
• 2. Determination of Employer-Employee Relationship
• c. National Conciliation and Mediation Board (NCMB) (EO 126, s. 1987, as amended by EO 251, s. 1987)
• b. Payment by Results
• VI. Suspension and Termination of Employment
• 2. Productivity Standards
• 5. Prohibitions Regarding Wages
• 1. Sole and Exclusive Bargaining Agent (See also Labor Advisory No. 07, s. 2026)
• 3. Mental Health Policy (Labor Advisory No. 19, s. 2023)
• A. Labor Agencies
• 5. Discipline of Employees
• a. Appeal from the RAB to the NLRC Proper (Rule VI)
• 7. Persons with Disability (RA 7277, as amended by RA 10524)
• 3. By Labor Organizations
• b. Hours of Work
• 6. Probationary
• ii. License or Authority Requirement
• 2. Private Employers and Recruitment Agents
• 1. Coverage
• 6. Grant of Bonuses and Other Benefits
• e. Ban on Direct Hiring
• a. Government Employees
• A. Employer-Employee Relationship
• 4. Security of Tenure (Art. XIII)
• a. Reinstatement
• a. Regional Arbitration Branches (Labor Arbiters)
• 3. DOLE Issuances
• 1. General Concept
• a. Elements and Types
• 2. Employment Office or Agency
• 5. Preventive Suspension
• 2. Employees Outside the Bargaining Unit
• A. Right to Self-organization
• 1. Women Workers (See also RA 7192, 7877, and 9710; RA 7600, as amended by RA 10028; RA 11313)
• 5. Equal Employment Opportunities (Art. XIII)
• 1. Duty to Bargain
• a. Age (RA 10911, Secs. 4–6; DO 170, s. 2017)
• 8. Service Charge (RA 11360; DO 242, s. 2024)
• 7. Mandatory Activities
• 8. Union Information
• B. Government Service Insurance (RA 8291)
• a. Compressed Work Week (DA 02, s. 2004)
• A. Conditions of Employment
• b. Economic Dependence Test
• E. Final Pay and Certificate of Employment (See also Labor Advisory No. 06, s. 2020)
• b. Liability of Local Recruiter and Foreign Employer
• D. Regulation of Recruitment and Placement
• 1. Admission and Discipline of Members
• 2. Illegal Recruitment
• 2. Officers; Qualifications, Election, Term, and Compensation
• 1. Coverage; Exclusions; Dependents; Beneficiaries; Benefits
• c. Non-diminution of Benefits
• B. Bargaining Unit
• 3. NLRC Procedure (2025 NLRC Rules of Procedure)
• 1. 1987 Constitution, Labor Code, and Civil Code
• 8. Effect of Termination of Employment
• 2. Reliefs
• 4. Anti-Discrimination Policies
• f. Indemnity
• b. Economic and Noneconomic Terms and Conditions
• 2. Ratified International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions
• i. Non-transferability
• 3. Regulatory Authorities and their Powers and Functions
• 5. Caregivers (RA 11965; DO 254, s. 2025)
• a. Wage Order
• A. Definition of Recruitment and Placement
• ii. Reinstatement or Execution Pending Appeal (Rule XI)
• 1. Service Incentive Leave
• 2. Employment Subject to a Suspensive Condition
• 4. Burden of Proof
• 2. Apprenticeship
• V. Labor Relations
• 1. Migrant Worker or Overseas Filipino Worker
• i. Jurisdiction in Local Employment Cases
• c. Prohibited Work
• 5. Piercing the Corporate Veil
• 3. Employee vs. Independent Contractor
• IV. Labor Standards
• 1. Worker
• c. Union Security Clauses
• b. DOLE Secretary
• g. Mental Health (RA 11036, Secs. 25 and 35)
• b. Power Interruptions or Brownouts
• 1. Occupational Safety and Health Standards (RA 11058; DO 252, s. 2025; See also DO 178 and 184, s. 2017)
• 2. Labor as Primary Social Economic Force (Art. II)
• 1. Hours of Work
• c. Technical Rules Not Binding
• 1. Definition, Components, and Exclusions
• ii. Jurisdiction in Overseas Employment Cases (RA 8042, as amended by RA 10022)
• e. Bureau of Labor Relations
• d. License or Authority Requirement
• c. Pregnancy (RA 10354, Sec. 23(c))
• 6. Non-compensable Hours; When Compensable
• b. Union; Workers’ Association; Legitimate Workers’ Association
• 5. Seasonal
• h. Indigenous Peoples (RA 8371, Secs. 23–24)
• a. Bystander Rule
• a. Employment of Nonresident Aliens (DO 248, as amended by DO 248-A, s. 2025 and 248-B, s. 2026)
• 1. Definition and Concept
• b. Built-in Overtime
• 1. Definition
• A. Social Security (RA 11199)
• c. Women in Night Clubs and Similar Establishments
• (b) Suspension or Cancellation
• (a) Non-transferability
• F. Working Conditions for Particular Groups of Workers
• a. Burden of Proof
• 3. Night Workers (RA 10151; DO 119, s. 2012)
• 3. Collective Bargaining Agreement
• a. Fourfold Test
• d. Company Union
• 2. Casual
• ii. Imputed Knowledge
• 8. Post-employment Restrictions; Elements of Validity
• 4. Transfer of Employees
• a. Public Employment Offices
• c. Holiday Pay
• i. Jurisdiction
• 1. National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC)