b. Quantum of Evidence

BURDEN OF PROOF AND QUANTUM OF EVIDENCE IN LABOR CASES

Acquittal in criminal case arising from misconduct

Notwithstanding petitioner’s acquittal in the criminal case for qualified theft, the company had adequately established the basis for the company’s loss of confidence as a just cause to terminate. As opposed to the "proof beyond reasonable doubt" standard of evidence required in criminal cases, labor suits require only substantial evidence to prove the validity of the dismissal (Paulino v. NLRC, G.R. No. 176184, 2012)

Discharge due to union activity, a question of fact

The question of whether an employee was discharged because of his union activities is essentially a question of fact as to which the findings of the court of Industrial Relations are conclusive and binding if supported by substantial evidence considering the record as a whole. (Philippine Metal Foundries, Inc., v. CIR, G.R. No. L-34948, 1979)

Degree of proof

In labor cases, substantial evidence is required and it is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. (Andrada v. Agemar Manning Agency, G.R. No. 194758, 2012)