1. All except Arts. 161–162, 164–165, 173–176, and 185–187

Punishing possession and utterance

• The possession or utterance punished under this article is that which is done without connivance with the original forgers, mutilators, or importers.
• If the possessor or utterer also committed the counterfeiting or mutilation, liability for that act falls under Article 163 or Article 164, as applicable.
• Possession and utterance must always be with the knowledge that these are forged or mutilated coins. Knowledge need not be express, but may be inferred from acts of the offender.

Section 3 – Forging Treasury or Bank Notes, Obligations and Securities; Importing and Uttering False or Forged Notes, Obligations and Securities

Art. 166. Forging Treasury or Bank Notes, or Other Documents Payable to Bearer; Importing and Uttering Such False or Forged Notes or Documents

• Forging or falsification of treasury or banking NOTES or other documents;
• Importation of such false or forged obligations or NOTES; and
• Uttering such in connivance with the forgers or importers.

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Notes:

• Forging here is committed by:
• giving a treasury or bank note or any instrument payable to bearer or order an appearance of a true and genuine document; or
• erasing, substituting, counterfeiting or altering by any means the figures and letters, words, signs contained therein (Art. 169)
• Obligation or security includes bonds, certificates of indebtedness, bills, national bank notes, coupons, treasury notes, certificates of deposit, checks, drafts for money, and sweepstakes money.
• Forging PNB checks is not included under this article. That is falsification of commercial document under Article 172.

Art. 167. Counterfeiting, Importing, or Uttering Instruments Not Payable to Bearer

Any person who shall forge, import or utter, in connivance with the forgers or importers, any instrument payable to order or other document of credit not payable to bearer

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Section 6 – Manufacturing, Importing, and Possession of Instruments or Implements

Art. 176 – Manufacturing and Possession of Instruments or Implements for Falsification

Any person who shall make or introduce into the Philippines any stamps, dies, marks, or other instruments or implements intended to be used in the commission of the offenses of counterfeiting or falsification mentioned in the preceding sections of this chapter

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