B. Criminal Liability

A. Felonies (Article 3)

• Criminal Liability – Article 4(1)
• Actus reus and mens rea; Objective and Subjective Elements
• Aberratio ictus, error in personae, and praeter intentionem
• Proximate Cause and Efficient Intervening Cause
• Impossible Crime – Article 4(2)
• Gravity of Felonies: Grave, Less Grave, and Light – Article 9, as amended by R.A. No. 10951
• Stages of Execution – Article 6
• Subjective Phase and Objective Phase
• Preparatory and Overt Acts
• Attempted, Frustrated, and Consummated Stages
• SpontaneousDesistance
• Duty of the Courts in Case of Non-Punishable Act and Excessive Penalty – Article 5
• Suppletory Application of the Revised Penal Code – Article 10

Above 18 years old at the time of the commission of the offense

Criminal liability – LIABLE

Civil liability – LIABLE

Elements of Criminal Liability

Requisites for liability for an unintended wrong under Art. 4(1), RPC:

• A felony has been committed;
• The wrong done to the aggrieved party be the direct, natural and logical consequence of the felony committed by the offender;
• There is a law punishing the act.

Felonies may be committed by intent or negligence (Art. 3, RPC).

How criminal liability is incurred:

• By committing a felony although the wrongful act done differs from that intended (Art. 4, par. 1, RPC)
• By committing an impossible crime (Art. 4, par. 2, RPC)