a. In General

Requisites before an employer may be held liable under Article 2180 (4) for the act of its employees

• The employee was chosen by the employer personally or through another;
• The service is to be rendered in accordance with orders that the employer has the authority to give at all times; and
• That the illicit act of the employee was on the occasion or by reason of the functions entrusted to him. (Jayme v. Apostol, G.R. No. 163609, November 27, 2008)