i. Liability of Promoter

Liability of Promoter

The supplied primary sources do not contain statutory provisions or judicial doctrines addressing the liability of a promoter under Philippine corporation law. Instead, the provided statutes govern risk retention and reinsurance limits for non-life insurance companies under Republic Act No. 10607¹, the determination and apportionment of disposable surplus in life insurance funds under Republic Act No. 660², and the privatization framework for generation assets of the National Power Corporation under Republic Act No. 9136³.

Similarly, the supplied judicial decisions address unrelated subjects: the proper remedy to challenge criminal determinations of the Ombudsman in Piccio v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 232712, 28 April 2026⁴; the employer-employee relationship of security personnel and challenges to indigent status in Shopping Center Management Corporation v. Galutera, G.R. No. 250952, 23 April 2026⁵; and procedural standing and the destination principle of value-added tax in Tayam v. Recto, G.R. No. 280898, 22 April 2026⁶. Consequently, there is no supplied primary authority defining or governing the pre-incorporation or contractual liabilities of a corporate promoter.